Electric cars are the future of the auto industry and can change our driving habits for good, but they can be expensive. That being said, they make up for the price with an eco-friendly setup that reduces pollution and your monthly fuel costs. Plus, many states in the country offer subsidies on the purchase of electric cars.
Key components of electric cars
The following is a list of the crucial components that work together to power up an electric car:
Battery
An electric battery is the primary component of an electric car. Lithium-ion batteries are the standard batteries used in electric cars, but other major battery technologies can also be utilized. All the batteries can be charged using the ordinary electricity grid at a custom-built power station.
- Lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries are the best electric car batteries because they offer extra range, but they are also the most expensive among all the types. Lithium batteries are lighter in weight as compared to nickel-metal-hydride and lead-acid batteries, and they are also used in digital cameras and smartphones to reduce their weight and provide extra power. - Lead-acid batteries
These batteries are the most popular ones used in the electric car industry and are preferred over the other types because they are the cheapest option and are 97 percent recyclable. - Nickel-metal-hydride batteries
These batteries provide higher output and better performance. However, what makes them less popular is the price, which is much higher than lead-acid batteries.
Motor controller
The motor controller is responsible for the complete operation of an electric car, and it also takes care of the power distribution in the vehicle. It acts as the floodgate between the battery and motor and monitors the key performance indicators like motor, battery, vehicle operator, and accelerator pedal.
This component has a microprocessor that can redirect or limit the current in the vehicle, which is used to improve the car’s mechanical performance and adjust to the user’s driving style. The microprocessor also helps achieve greater accuracy and, in turn, improves efficiency.
Electric engine
An electric engine has only one moving part, which makes it a reliable source of motive power. The electric engine depends on the car’s voltage system, which can be structured to use either AC or DC current. Engines that work on AC current are lighter and cheaper than those that work on DC current.
Other components
Apart from the above-mentioned primary components, electric cars have the following important parts:
- Regenerative braking
Regenerative braking is an energy-recovery mechanism used in electric cars, and the system can recover up to 15 percent of the energy used to accelerate the vehicle. This component is efficient, but it cannot generate enough energy to recharge the vehicle completely. - Drive system
A drive system is a component that transfers mechanical energy to the wheels and sets the car in motion. An electric car does not have conventional transmission. Rather, it has several internal configurations that vary according to the car’s design. For example, some electric cars have multiple small motors that provide power to individual vehicles, while others have large electric motors coupled with rear wheels using differential housing.
Different types of electric vehicles
Electric vehicles are classified by the degree of electricity they use, and there are three major types based on this factor:
- Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
BEVs are fully-electric vehicles that are fitted with rechargeable batteries and do not have a gasoline engine for support. These cars store electricity using on-board high-capacity battery packs, and this power is used to operate the electric motor of the vehicle, along with any onboarding electronics. BEVs can be charged using an external source and do not produce harmful emissions. - Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
PHEVs are also known as extended-range electric vehicles and are powered by an electric motor as well as a petrol engine. The battery in this type of an electric car can be recharged using regenerative braking and by plugging into an external source. You can drive a PHEV anywhere between 10-40 miles on electric power, after which the gas engine takes over to power the vehicle. This is unlike hybrid electric cars that cannot go beyond 1 or 2 miles on electricity. - Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
HEVs are hybrid cars that are powered by both gas and electricity, and these vehicles generate their own electricity through regenerative braking when the vehicle is running on gas. When you start an HEV, it kicks off using the electric motor and is then powered by the gasoline motor. This shift happens when the load increases or the vehicle needs speed. Both the motors of an HEV are controlled by an internal computer that ensures fuel-economy and efficiency in various driving conditions.
The advantages of owning an electric car
Electric cars cost a fortune at the time of purchase, but they offer an array of benefits as compared to gasoline cars. These cars do not look different from those that run on gas, so it’s difficult for many to tell the difference or even what these cars offer if they do not know a lot about them. It is estimated that electric cars will account for approximately 57% of all passenger car sales across the globe by 2040. Here are some of the advantages of owning an environment-friendly car:
- It offers a smooth drive
Electric cars offer a smooth drive on all terrains. They handle city roads like a champ and showcase extraordinary performance on highways. Not to mention, the hi-tech settings in the interiors ensure a comfortable experience on the road. - It helps you save
Since electric cars do not use fuel, you save a lot of money. Although these cars are expensive to purchase, their low running costs make up for their price in the long run. - It has zero emissions
Pure electric cars mean zero carbon emissions, so an electric car can be the key to living in a pollution-free environment. It can be your chance to do your bit for the planet and contribute to reducing the effects of global warming. - It does not make noise
Electric cars are noiseless machines, unlike those with gas engines, and they offer a smooth drive on all roads. If you enjoy peaceful long drives with astounding acceleration, electric cars are for you.
Top electric cars available in the market
- Tesla Model S
This car features in the list of the best electric cars because its 348-mile range is more than that of most other Electric Vehicles (EVs) available in the market right now. Plus, it offers dynamic performance.
Tesla Model S has high-end interiors with ample space for five passengers and cargo. The standard features include a 17-inch touchscreen, a quiet powertrain, and a custom audio system with 11 speakers and an 8” subwoofer. - Tesla Model 3
Tesla Model 3 is one of the most popular and best-selling electric vehicles in the market. It offers exhilarating performance and has an extraordinary range and astounding crash-test results. The car comes with cutting-edge features, can accelerate from 0-60 mph in just 3.2 seconds, and offers a range of 322 miles. The cabin is spacious, and it also offers abundant cargo space. Additionally, Tesla Model 3 is equipped with a 15-inch center-mounted touchscreen display and Autopilot safety and convenience features, and it has a 5-star safety rating. - 2020 Jaguar I-Pace
Jaguar I-Pace is an all-electric performance SUV that combines technology and style. It comes with an all-wheel drive system and has first-class interiors, ample cargo space, and two rows of luxurious seats. Jaguar has fitted this car with everything you need for fun and safe travel, including praiseworthy safety technologies, a dual-screen infotainment system, a panoramic sunroof, smartphone integration, and a Meridian Surround Sound System. - 2019 Audi e-tron
The Audi e-tron is one of the most luxurious electric cars available. This SUV features a grand cabin, is equipped with state-of-the-art technology, has stupendous safety ratings, and comes with a standard all-wheel drive system. The electric SUV has a spacious cabin, decent cargo space, and offers a comfortable drive for the passengers. Plus, it is loaded with impressive features like a 10.1-inch touchscreen, remote climatization, and a Bang & Olufsen® 3D Premium sound system. - 2020 Hyundai Kona Electric
Hyundai Kona is one of the few electric cars in the market that offer an excellent range, along with instantaneous acceleration and a comfortable drive. The subcompact crossover has decent interiors with an attractive cabin and ample cargo space. The in-car technology includes a 7-inch touchscreen, Android Auto™ and Apple CarPlay® compatibility, and advanced driver assist technologies. - 2020 Chevrolet Bolt
This car from Chevrolet has a commendable range, sporty handling, and great acceleration. The interiors are spacious and offer comfort for both the front and rear passengers. Bolt has a sizable cargo space of 56.6 cubic feet and scores decently on the crash test. Also, the cabin is packed with standard amenities like a Wi-Fi hotspot, driver assistance features, and a 10.2-inch diagonal color touchscreen. - Hyundai IONIQ Electric
This electric vehicle is ideal for you if you carry huge amounts of cargo for short distances. It has a peppy acceleration and a well-designed cabin that ensures comfort for the passengers.
IONIQ scores well in crash tests and focuses on layout simplicity and good ergonomics. The cabin has an 8-inch touchscreen, heated steering wheel, and safety power window controls. - Kia e-Soul
Kia e-Soul is the overall winner with its compact design and a range of around 280 miles. You can choose from vibrant interior options and leather or fabric seats when buying this electric car. It has excellent crash test scores, and the cabin of this electric car is superior to other cars in its range. The connectivity features include a 10.25” touchscreen, Android Auto™ and Apple CarPlay® compatibility, and Bluetooth wireless technology. - 2020 Kia Niro EV
Kia Niro EV is a crossover that comes with a roomy cabin and a spacious cargo. This electric vehicle also offers more range as compared to others in the market, and it offers powerful acceleration, precise handling, and a comfortable ride for every passenger in the vehicle. Plus, the crossover scores well on crash tests and has a good rating for predicted reliability. The in-car technologies include a 10.25-inch customizable touchscreen, interior mood lighting, and the luxury of heated front seats and steering wheel. The safety features include Smart Cruise Control with Stop & Go, which helps you keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you.
If you’re planning to buy an electric car, explore your options and ensure that you make an informed decision. After all, financing a car is a huge investment to make. You must also know that electric cars come with a fixed driving range, which means they can go only a certain distance before you need to recharge them. And you need a charging point, like a gas station, to do that. There is a long way to go before we have an adequate number of electric car charging points on the roads, so a fully electric car may not be the best choice for individuals or families who like to go on long drives. A hybrid car is the most environment-friendly, fuel-efficient choice at the moment.
